How to deal with bacterial blight of cotton rice and cassava. Bacterial blight in rice is caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Rice bacterial blight bb is a devastating rice disease. Most blights are caused by bacterial or fungal infestations, which usually attack the shoots and. Blight, any of various plant diseases whose symptoms include sudden and severe yellowing, browning, spotting, withering, or dying of leaves, flowers, fruit, stems, or the entire plant. Some of the crops that are the most high risk for bacterial leaf blight are cotton and cassava, but most especially rice because of the way the disease is transmitted more easily through water. Bacterial blight bb and bacterial leaf streak bls are the two most important bacterial diseases of rice worldwide.
Why is it important bacterial blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Pdf an overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies. It is commonly observed when strong winds and continuous heavy rains occur, allowing the diseasecausing bacteria to easily spread through ooze droplets on lesions of infected plants. Bacterial blight of rice has high epidemic potential and is destructive to highyielding cultivars in both temperate and tropical regions especially in asia. It is found worldwide in both temperate and tropical regions, causing epidemics in irrigated and rainfed lowlands, especially where fields have poor drainage and the potential for flooding. Epidemiology and control of bacterial leaf blight of rice. The bacterial blight disease of rice having been recognised in india recently, the informa tion available on various aspects of the disease under indian. Materials and methods incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight of rice in pakistan three comprehensive surveys of all rice growing zones of pakistan were conducted at the mature grain stage of. Pdf bacterial blight bb of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Bacterial leaf blight blb is an economically important disease of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf.
Focus on bacterial blight of rice bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas or pw. The disease is most severe in southeast asia but is increasingly damaging in west african countries, and results in substantial yield loss 1. Bacterial blight of rice is a vascular disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. The rice xa21 locus determines geneforgene type resistance to a bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Involvement of osjaz8 in jasmonateinduced resistance to. Yield loss due to bacterial blight can be as much as 70% when susceptible varieties are grown, in environments favorable to the disease. Xa21 was isolated by positional cloning and shown to encode an rk of 1025 amino acids with 23 imperfect lrr copies and a functional serine. The bacterial blight bb disease of rice bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21. Rice xa21 primed genes and pathways that are critical for.
When it comes to diseases in the vegetable garden, bacterial blight is perhaps one of the most popular. Now these tech nologies are being used to characterize the pathogen, reevaluate the ecology and epidemiology of the disease, and study hostparasite. Rice bacterial blight and citrus canker according to julius kuhn, plant disease is an abnormal change in physiological processes which disturbs the. Niclosamide inhibits leaf blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae in rice. It has been known as a disease since the late 19th century. Bacterial blight of rice is an important disease in asia and africa.
Bacterial blight bb of rice caused by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Os8n3is a host diseasesusceptibility gene for bacterial. Seedlings in the nursery show circular, yellow spots in the margin, that enlarge, coalesce leading to drying of foliage. One of the wrkytype tfs, oswrky452, is involved in resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. Compendium of rice diseases and pests, second edition. Severe epidemics recorded in 1979 and 1980 in northwestern india, reducing the grain yields drastically. The rice crop is susceptible to a number of diseases among which the bacterial blight of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Inoculum buildup of bacterial blight of rice in rice wheat cropping area of punjab in relation to zero tillage. In severe epidemics, crop loss may be as high as 75 percent, and millions of hectares of rice are infected annually. Reclassification of the causal agents of bacterial blight. The present study aimed to develop inocula, based on native antagonistic. We introduced xa21 into oryza sativa l ssp indica rice.
Although we will be talking about all these of plants, its more easily illustrative at first to look at rice to get an idea of the path of the disease. Paddy trials showed that genomeedited sweet promoters endow rice lines with robust, broadspectrum resistance. Current status and future prospects of research on. There is a need to use environmentally safe approaches to overcome the loss of grain yield in rice due to this disease. Bacterial blight bb of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Bacterial leaf blight is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Pdf update on bacterial blight of rice researchgate. Slants free of contamination were used for the streaking of. Bacterial panicle blight is a major disease of rice that tends to develop during hot, dry weather.
The compendium of rice diseases and pests, second edition, is a useful tool for academics and professionals involved with rice crops, including researchers, diagnosticians, extension personnel, crop consultants, farm managers, and growers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rice rhizosphere associated antagonistic bacteria for growth promotion and disease suppression of bacterial leaf blight blb. A total of 811 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated and screened against 3 prevalent strains of blb pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. Biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and profiling. Burkholderia glumae and burkholderia gladioli severin yabuchi, et al. Dry rot is firm or dry decay, while soft rot is soft, watery decomposition. Rice bacterial blight and citrus canker the biology notes. Broadspectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice. Distribution except for maharashtra, where the endemic area was estimated to be about 0. Bacterial blight of rice is caused by the proteobacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the disease and breeding for. Arkansas,division,agriculture, rice,panicle blight, bacteria,burkhoderia,glumae,fsa 7580 created date. Bacterial blight of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv.
Crisprcas9 system editing of the xa promoter to cultivate transgene. International journal of current microbiology and applied. Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial leaf blight 3743 bacterial leaf blight in most of rice growing ecozones of togo with high incidence and severity, and the virulence of the pathogen was determined kadai, 2010. The xa21 gene confers a broad and persistent resistance against bb. Bacterial blight is a monsoon disease and its incidence and severity is very much influenced by rainfall, number of rainy days, and susceptibility of the cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer application. Screening of rice varieties for resistance to bacterial. Rice bacterial blight, also called bacterial blight of rice, deadly bacterial disease that is among the most destructive afflictions of cultivated rice oryza sativa and o.
Due to absence of appropriate antibiotic or bactericides in market, disease destroys the whole crop. Bacterial panicle blight of rice in arkansas fsa7580 author. The disease was first observed by the farmers of japan in 1884 tagami and mizukami, 1962. It is widespread throughout asia and also has been reported to occur in australia, the united states, and several rice growing countries of latin america and africa 16. Bacterial blight can be severe in susceptible rice varieties under high nitrogen fertilization. The earlier the disease occurs, the higher the yield loss. Biological control of bacterial blight of rice springerlink. Use of chemicals is an important part of plant disease management. Losses include reduced yield and milling, and losses reported in commercial rice fields vary from a trace to as high as 70 percent. Besides the economic importance of the disease, the rice xoo system serves as an excellent model for studying hostpathogen interactions because the genomes of both interacting partners are sequenced and there is considerable genetic variation in the. Bacterial leaf blight of rice blb is a devastating disease in rice growing areas of pakistan. Pseudomonas savastonoi or bacterial blight is common in plants from the family of soybeans, as well as other vegetables. Severe winds, which cause wounds, and over fertilization are suitable factors for the development of the disease. Bacterial leaf blight of rice africa soil health consortium cabi.
The bacterial leaf blight disease of rice was first observed in the latter. Uvvis spectrum of cell free supernatant containing biogenic agnps synthesized by. Diagnosis of common diseases of rice home irri rice. Besides the economic importance of the disease, the rice xoo system serves as an excellent model. Bacterial panicle blight of rice burkholderia glumae and burkholderia gladioli severin yabuchi, et al. Bacterial blight is a disease of barley caused by the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. Recovery plan for xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice june 4, 20. There is also a strain of bacteria that affects flowers, specifically geranium. Gene targeting by the tal effector pthxo2 reveals cryptic.
Cotton, rice, pepper, tomato, cassava, and plantain are other plants that may experience this disease. Bacterial blight bb of rice is among the most devastating rice diseases that occur globally, ranging in distribution from 20 s in queensland, australia to 58 n. Bacterial panicle blight of rice in arkansas fsa7580. Diseases of rice and their management mp4 year3 duration. It may be circular, angular, or irregular in shape. Yeshi wamishe, christy kelsey, scott belmar, tibebu gebremariam, danny mccarty subject. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, xanthomonas oryzae ex ishiyama 1922 sp. Rotting is disintegration and decomposition of host tissue photo 3. While soybeans and geranium are some of the most common plants that experience the signs and symptoms of bacterial blight, it is important to note that the disease has a wide array of hosts. In the quest for increasing rice production, man has resorted to intensive methods of rice cultivation involving highyielding susceptible cultivars with reduced genetic variability, higher plant population per unit area, high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers and staggered sowing and planting which intensified the severity of bacterial blight rice in most of the asian countries. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
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